Kaplan Turbine

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A reaction turbine (axial-flow water turbine) for low to medium head hydropower installations with high flow rates

Water head: 3-30m
Power output: 50kW to 30MW
Flow rate: 1-50m³/s

Kaplan turbines are reaction turbines in which water flows axially into the runner and exits along the blades in the same axial direction, converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. The runner consists of the runner body, blades, and draft tube cone. Compared to mixed-flow turbines, Kaplan turbines have fewer blades, and the blade axis is perpendicular to the turbine shaft.

Kaplan turbines are well suited for hydropower plants with low to medium head, typically ranging from 3m to 80m, and high flow rates. Under the same head conditions, Kaplan turbines have higher specific speeds compared to mixed-flow turbines.

Based on the blade mechanism, Kaplan turbines are classified into:

Adjustable-blade turbines
Fixed-blade turbines

You might also be interested in these Projects

Hydropower Plant in Laos

Scope of supply: 3 sets of Kaplan turbine-generator units

Water head: 15m
Flow rate: 9m³/s
Power: 1200KW (3 × 400KW each)

The units were successfully commissioned in March 2018. The full supply included turbines, generators, flywheels, hydraulic governors, and switchgear.

Shaoguan Hydropower Plant

Scope of supply: 4 sets of Kaplan turbine-generator units

Water head: 6m
Flow rate: 20m³/s
Power: 1000KW (4 × 250KW each)

The units were successfully commissioned in May 2002. The complete supply included turbines, generators, governors, distribution cabinets, as well as installation and commissioning services.

Custom Order for Hydropower Plant in Pakistan

Scope of supply: 4 sets of Kaplan turbine-generator units

Water head: 3m
Flow rate: 20m³/s
Power: 1280KW (3 × 320KW each)

The units were successfully commissioned in July 2023. The complete supply included turbines, generators, flywheels, hydraulic governors, and distribution cabinets.

Yangjiang Hydroelectric Plant

Scope of supply: 4 sets of Kaplan turbine-generator units

Water head: 8m
Flow rate: 30m³/s
Power: 1000KW (4 × 250KW each)

The units were successfully commissioned in December 2019. The complete supply included turbines, generators, flywheels, hydraulic governors, distribution cabinets, as well as installation and commissioning services.

Puning Sanpeipo Hydropower Plant

Scope of supply: 2 sets of Kaplan turbine-generator units

Water head: 4m
Flow rate: 6.5m³/s
Power: 200KW (2 × 100KW each)

The units were successfully commissioned in May 2020. Scope of supply included turbines, generators, flywheels, hydraulic governors, and distribution cabinets.

Yunfu Hydropower Plant

Scope of supply: 3 sets of Kaplan turbine-generator units

Water head: 8m
Flow rate: 10m³/s
Power: 600KW (3 × 200KW each)

The units were successfully commissioned in June 2018. The full order included turbines, generators, flywheels, governors, and distribution cabinets.

Key Structural Features

Spiral case
Stay ring
Water guiding device
Runner housing
Runner

Bottom ring
Draft tube
Main Shaft
Guide bearing

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Kaplan turbine?

A Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type axial-flow turbine with adjustable blades, specifically designed for low-head, high-flow applications.

What are the main components of a Kaplan turbine?

A Kaplan turbine consists of:

Scroll casing, which directs water into the turbine while maintaining pressure
Guide vane mechanism controlling the flow rate and water direction
Draft tube, which converts kinetic energy into pressure energy
Runner blades, which convert the water flow into rotational mechanical energy.

How does a Kaplan turbine work?

Water enters the scroll casing where pressure is maintained. It then passes through the guide vanes, which regulate flow and reduce turbulence. Next, the water reaches the runner blades, which adjust their pitch to optimize turbine performance. Finally, the water exits through the draft tube, where kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy. The rotation of the runner generates mechanical energy that can be converted to electricity.

What are the typical applications of Kaplan turbines?

Kaplan turbines are suitable for low-head, high-flow applications. They are usually applied in:

Power generation
Small-scale hydropower stations.

Large axial-flow turbines are specifically designed to achieve optimal performance at particular sites, offering long-term operational efficiency.

Why is the Kaplan turbine suitable for low head applications?

Their adjustable blades combined with an axial-flow design make them an ideal choice for environments characterized by low water levels but high flow rates, ensuring optimal performance in such settings.

What services do you provide for customers purchasing Kaplan turbines?

When you purchase turbines from our company, we provide a complete set of installation drawings. If required, we also assist and guide you through the installation process.

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